Chilling foodstuffs



Dec. 23, 1952 1'. P. I ANDERS` ETAL CHILIING FOODSTUFFS 4 Sheets-Sheet l Filed June 23, 1948 T. P. LANDERS ET AL Dec. 23, 1952 CHILLING FooDsTUFFs Filed June' 23. 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 ,an unna Dec. 23, 1952 "r; P. LANDERS 'E1-AL v2,622,415

CHILLING FooDsTuFFs 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June 23, 1948 ggg AVAVAIAVAY TTRNEK Dec. 273, 1952 TQ P. LANDERS Er'Ax.

CH'ILLI'NG FooDsTuFFs" 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed June 23, 3.948Al INVENTORS Patented Dec. 23, `1952 'UNITED ISTAT-ES PATENT OFFICE .CHILLING FOODSTUFFS rThomasP.L'Lanilers,"New York, and CharlesfF. fsmith, Yonkers, JN. *,Y.

Application ,June/23, 1948.. ScriaLNo. `31.147,04

(CLy 62-142) 11 Claim. 1

This invention relates to rreceptacles for food, -drinksgand the like -and'jparticularly to a kdrinking receptacle including a liquid; medium acting to rcool the contents of the receptacle The robject of u the invention is to provide a -d-rin'king areceptacle lhaving a cooling gmedium which may Vbe chilledy to desired coolingzcondiationandparticularly torproviding a cooling medium adapted tobe frozen ,to solid `form -to 'be melted during the serving lof ythe drink.

'Further objects 'of `the invention particularly 'inthe rstructure ofthe receptacleand the sys- 'temof ,cooling-'and solidifyinglits liquid medium `Vwill- -`appear rfrom the following specification 'taken in connection with the accompanying drawings Yin which:

Fig. Vvl is a-vertical sectional view of atypical container withthe liquid cooling 1j acket;

Figs 2 and 3 are -sectional views of typical modifications showing different 'transverse `sections-taken on'the'line'-Z of Fig. '1;

eFig. 41s a vertical sectional sectional View illustrating a modified form yof container;

Fig 5is atra'nsverse sectional view showing comparative-transversesections ofthe container of 'Fig. -4 "lying horizontally.

Figs. 6,"7, 8, 9, 10, A11 and 12 are'verticalpsec- 'tions 1 of 'various containers of modified form illustrating 'the principles lof `this invention; and

Figs. 113,'14, '15, 16,",17, ,18,l9'and 20 are parytialviews illustrating the formation ofythe re- .ceptacla -In-theispecic embodimentA shownin Fig. 1 the receptacle is Vof glass or othermaterial molded or-castinto-'t'he form shown includingan inner jacket 2ilwithin-the drinking receptacle2l having a space 'S of annular -formation between them. This space'is air-tight and contains a partial filling of liquid, for instance, water .W and-air A.

The-inner container merges at thebottom 22 ywith-the bottom :23 of 'the outerreceptacle :2l iandrat the top-flares outward atQZ-l tornerge with the'upper,portion of said outer receptacle. Preferably the inner and outer container 210, 2l `are spaced ,apart rat a slight angle tofgradually-increased 1 separation j toward 'the top. Preferably-alsobtheinner and outer containers'Zil, f2! departy fromY the 'circular form in transverse section (Fig. 2) so that pressure between them will matched generally Yoci'fagonal -formation as indicated -in Fig. 2.

When'the receptacle fai-Figs. Y1 and- Z-isplaced in a "freezing compartment of 'vsuciently low temperature lto Afreeze the water in the g space ,1S the iirst'effect is to chillthe outer receptacle 2l correspondingly contracting it and Very `slightly raising the level of thewater'inthe jacket. The beginning of-the cooling of the inner container 20 contracts this a. little with corresponding tendency to increase the volume Of .Space 1S. These tendencies continue with progressive cooling of the waterWvto the freezing point and -then as the ice vforms it starts along Ithejinner surfacefof nthe outer glass 2l and builds up 'to lbe under compressionbetween the walls-20',-2'l at Lfurther chilling will usually7 occur dependingon the temperature of the freezing compartment.

When removed 'for use the warmer atmosphere and the handling of-the receptacle-begins toraiseA thetemperature ofthe outer receptacle 2l and the beginning of the warming Aof the inner container V2l) follows and is vsharply jincreased, for instance, by `the pouring in of the liquid -being served. These heatings, are quickly communicated to the'ice ringin thejacket tending to melt thin films on each kvertical.surfaceso that in eifect the icering sits in theseiilms and is soon free'to slip upward asfthemeltingfproceeds. In this way'the ice eventuallyfioats ,toward the'upper portion ofthe space saugment- Iing the `cooling eect there until the .melting is complete.

The drink in the receptacle ,is correspondingly cooled Vand kept cool without any contact .with the cooling liquid W.

In Fig. 3 the drinking receptacleof Fig. 1,;,is modied sothat an outer receptacleALoval in shape contains an inner receptacle 40 which is more nearly circular inlsection A spaceSprovided between the wallsgof the innerreceptacle klll) and 4the Vouterreceptacle 44| rvis.,consequently Wide at -the end points '42 and 43 of the oval shaped outer jacket and tapers from the end points 42 and 43 to the center points 44 and 46. The center points 44 and 46 are thus the narrowest points in the space S when the cooling fluid which is contained between the receptacles 46 and 4| is in the liquid phase.

According to this invention when the drinking receptacle of the modication shown in Fig. 3 is cooled to freeze the liquid coolant the water or other coolant begins to turn into ice at the coolest points in the chamber 39 which contains the coolant. Consequently, the ice forms first on the outer walls of the chamber 39. As the cooling progresses the thickness of the ice layer on the chamber walls increases and continues, the two layers approaching each other until they converge. When the layers have formed a solid mass between the walls of the chamber 39 they exert a pressure of expansion. This expansion between the receptacles 40 and 4| if not compensated for or relieved can reach a degree suicient to fracture or crack either of the walls permanently damaging the drinking receptacle. According to the invention as set forth in the modication of Fig. 3, the ice rst extends from inner receptacle 49 to outer receptacle 4| at or in the region of the center points 44 and 46, being the narrowest regions in the space S of the chamber 39, the points where the cold will best penetrate from wall to wall if all other characteristics are constant. At the time that the ice first extends from wall to wall in chamber 39 at the points 44 and v46, some of the water will remain liquid at or in the region of the end points 42 and 43 where the escape of heat will be slowest. As the ice forms at points 44 and 46 and expands to cause inward pressure on the inner receptacle 46 and outward pressure on the outer receptacle 4| the outer receptacle 4|, being of an oval shape, will yield at points 44 and 46 to the pressure exerted by the ice and be forced outward to assume a shape more nearly a perfect circle. This tendency can be aided by making the outer receptacle 4| thinner than the inner receptacle 49. At the same time that the center points 44 and 46 move outward .the end points 42 and 43 of receptacle 4| will tend to flatten and move inward also in the direction of becoming more nearly a perfect circle. The resiliency of the outer receptacle 4I with its tendency to change from an oval to a circular shape when placed under pressure increases the enclosed area and relieves the force of the ice expansion and prevents damage to the drinking receptacle.

ABy making the outer glass of lower coefficient of expansion than the inner glass the resulting larger contraction of the inner Wall will tend to relieve the ice pressure, particularly at temperatures below freezing, and in Fig. 3 the wedge shape of the space S proceeding from the points 44 and 46 to the points 42 and 43 also provides a relief for expansion of the freezing liquid from the freezing zone which releases the pressure exerted at points 44 and 46. Thus, as the ice layers extend from wall to wall of the chamber 39 in the region around the points 44 and 46 the expanding ice may shove away from the constricted areas where the freezing is occurring toward the liquid areas in the regionof 42 and 43 and thus relieve the pressure between the chamber walls in the frozen zone.

` Figs. 4 and 5 show a further modification of the jacket cooled drinking receptacle. In this modification space S containing a liquid 54 in the Walls of the drinking receptacle 49 is wedge shaped in the opposite direction from that of space S in the drinking receptacle shown in Figs. l and 2. Thus the narrowest part of the space S between the inner receptacle 56 and the outer receptacle 5| is at the upper end of the space S" and the two receptacles are fused to form a lip 55 around the top of the drinking receptacle 49. The inner and outer receptacles 56 and 5| making up the drinking receptacle 49 are iared from a narrow base 52 to a, relatively wide mouth'53 at the top of the drinking receptacle along a straight surface so that the outer surface 56 of one of the drinking receptacles according to this modification will t easily and snugly into the inner surface 5'| of another of the drinking receptacles according to this modification for a distance of over half of the total height of the receptacles. This nesting of the receptacles permits an economy of' the space occupied by the receptacles which is of advantageparticularly during the step of cooling or freezing the coolant.

As the space S tapers from a narrow zone at the lip end 55 of the glass to the base 52 of the glass 49, the drinking receptacle does not relieve the pressure of the expansion of ice as the liquid freezes according to the invention as described in connection with Fig. l when the drinking receptacle stands upright on its base. However, as the space S does widen as the base 52 is approached, relief of the ice pressure may be obtained according to the principles above described by freezing the coolant with the drinking receptacle inverted or placed on its side. To demonstrate cooling the drinking receptacle 49 on its side, Fig. 5 shows a horizontal section of two drinking receptacles 49. In Fig. 5 the upper drinking receptacle is shown inside the lower drinking receptacle and overlapping the walls of the lower receptacle at the bottom when viewed from the large end of the receptacles. The coolant is shown contained in the spaces S" between outer receptacles 5| and inner receptacles 50 and as the space S is not entirely lled with water an area A of air rises to the upper side of the recumbent drinking receptacles 49. As in the case of the freezing coolant in the Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 disclosures the pressure of the expanding ice, as the coolant freezes, will be relieved in the drinking receptacles 0f Fig. 5 by an accommodation of the expansion into the air space A so that the level of the ice in Fig. 5 will be at a point 72 above level '1| of the unfrozen liquid 54.

In Fig. 6 is shown a composite drinking receptacle 59 composed of glass and a relatively soft plastic. In this modification an inner receptacle 66 is composed of glass. Around the outside of this receptacle 69 is jacketed an outer receptacle 6| of a resilient plastic. The bottoms 62 and 63 of the inner and outer receptacle respectively are suitably sealed together while the side walls are separated to provide a chamber 64 which is partially filled with water 68 or other suitable liquid coolant. At its upper end 66 the outer receptacle 6I is fitted over a bead 61 encircling the outside of the receptacle 69 and the receptacle 6| is securely sealed to the receptacle 6D. The seals at 66 and between bottoms 62 and 63 are watertight to coniine the coolant 68 to the chamber 64. The outside 69 of the plastic receptacle 6| may be suitably ornamented.

In operation according to this invention, this modification may be cooled to change the liquid coolant 68 to ice which will provide the desired cooling to liquids or other substances placed within the inner receptacle. In this modification the expansonfcf the; coolant :uponisolidifying into icei's accommodated by 'the resiliencefofzthe'matee rial making up 7thefouter 4jacket 1A6 I. 'Iv'heforce of the Yexpanding Vice is absorbed by the stretching f the Walls of the receptacle 6I within their elastic vlimit so that upon the melting of the-ice lthe walls return to their normal shape.

In the glass 10 lof-Fig 7 the inside wall 1| is cylindrical andfhas-a'bottom 1.2;spaced from 'the bottom 113 'of the Aouter wall 1.4 which expands slightly upward fs'o that "typical 'dimensions are /g Tspacing at 15 and y11i 'and Mfspa'cing'at 11, the 'inner diameter o'f 'the inner 'wall .being abbutZl/z.

a fsm'a'll "diskfof `yielding material fmay. beheld 'in placeiat 'the'ce'nter between thebottom walls 83, 8'4tocushionythefexpansion duringrfreezing. 'This disk mayfbe of -cork or soitfrubber or .the..like.

ilnlig.y 9 the Beer 'glass `9|] is of thinly `tapered shape with base 9i and Wide open top Yi12. 'The jacket Walls `l-l3, 94 Yare -preferably parallel with theiliquid' in'annular conicalforr'n. 'I-h'e'preferre'd freezing procedure will `position the glas's y.open side 'up las shown with vthe fair cushion 'annular at theftopso that thelresultantexpansion at Sany and 2all-pointswill vcause the 'annular column to creep up, such expansion .being lalso accommodated yby `:the natural Ytliv'c'a'rgence 'of ithe jacket walls. 'Theinner wall 94iispreferably 'circular in transverse fse'ctions and fthe outer wall 'may be slightly oval (Fig. 3). -Whatever the position of the/-glassthef-iiiitial 'solidic'ationswill bein contact.with`fthe liquid whichlinturn is cushioned by the air fat rthe top surface. The 'beeror Vother beverage pouredinto Ithe 'glass willmelt the inner li'n fof ice andiwill then be Tretained at 5a low temperature b'yithe meltin'gfo'f the remaining ice and f-bytheinsul'ating effect ofthe jacket. The cone "of *lice during melting will tend *to float upwardinfcontact with vthe inner wall 94 fand separated 1f-rom the -fsurronding atmosphere by the'outr wall"9 3 and'theinterveningiliquid layer 's'o-af's tolr'etain vthe chilled "condition of 'the Adrink over allong period.

The I-Iighballffglas's 100 of Fig. '1`0 has plain, nearlypara'llel sides 'IilL'thecoolng being provided wby the hollow mound 'I 0232 in the lcenter of the lowerpart ofthe'glass. This'inner'enclosure is of generally fco'nic'al form with its base H13 'merging with the bottom l-lAM-'ofthe glass. Itis preferably frozen fin reclining 'Tor upside-down position, the ldrawing showing the ice mass formed by the latter and just beginninglto melt. At the top |05 is the air which hasiris'enrom the'bottom and at the bottom the water'in which the ice vmass'sinks and then floats as soon as the waterlevelrises suihciently high in film form between -theice and the inner surface |06 of the mound wall. These glasses |60 may Ibe nested as indicated by vthe bottom yline llll of a contained glass. The icein'fthe mound l02-is surrounded xby theliquid in the-glass except at the bottom where `vitfis lfurther protected from the surroundingatmosphereby the supporting surface onwhich it rests. `So'insulated it will be slow-melting and longla'sting.

'indicated-in Fig. .11, a very strong cooling effect' is attainedr by combining ther jacketing'with thefcen'tral mound III, the inner wall ||2.of `the jacket being f-carried around into-'the mound wall l l v3-so that thei contained liquid is'` doubly cooled. This constructionv iszprefrablyifrozeirin:inverted4 6 position with Athe air cushion running .ithe .ibase surface `H 4 of both Athe-outer :ring :and the .'irmer cone.

Fig. 12 shows a typical Cocktail" glass l I5=hav ing a bowlV 'l t6 :and iste'm i111 and base H 8. The jacket is Iformed 'by the 'inner Wall I1I'9 following the fcontou'r :of the 'outer wall A|f2ll 'with :increasing separation toward "the bottom. The lic'e- .is foi-med iniinve'rted position of therg'lass so that itfsolidines with :alfreefs'urface' |121A =a`t the b'ottoiinf the bowl in Y11px-'ight"positio'nfasffshown. -lI-Iere again the water will accumulate fas 'the ice melts rand tend tofoat theice annulusup-towardtheinner -wall and close to the liquid in Yth'efgla'ss- These drinking receptacles "can vbe jmade of many types'of 'material-s for combinations fof ima*- teriaiisufch-asrglass, metal, plastic, paper, synthetic rubber, `:"et'c. For example, 'theinner wall may be "made -iof -thin aluminum fand the foutcr wall '-of plastic or "the inner wall'of :glass -'-an1`d the outer rwall -of pleX-o-g'las's etc.

AIn the lcvzonstructionivo'f these receptacles `they can -be either molded, sweated, pressed, 5or Iicemented together or `fused. 'Thelentirereceptale with `theiiuid is then 'placedin a freezing device suchias a refrigerator,a deep freeze unit, orfabox containing Dry Ice, etc. The transferring'of'the cold from thefro'zen liquidto'the-drink-makes'lor amoresanitarydrinkthatfwill not be dilute'dby melting ice.

'The thick-ness of the liquid jacket :can vary depending upon .the length of 1 timey the receptacle is to staycolder Athe numberof ldrinks ,to bei supplied. Forlinst'ance, in using vra'wine glass,fa'small amount 'fof ice wouldbe-suicient--just enough to chill the wine alittle.

Various colored riuids `can be used in `lthes receptacles, that is the transparent ones, for 'desirable effects. vAlso in the transparentcontainersthe` ice expansionllers or cushions can have very attractive ydesigns vor `printed matter that will be visible through the outer wall. These cushions can also be placed inthe .middlelof the liquiderY near *or on thel outer wall, `thereby serving as an insulator for *the outer wall.

The liquidtobe usedlr'nay vbefplainwaterfboiled water or distilled water and 'may be'la Achemical solution. that wouldf'have v a "freezing-point iierent from that lof water.

A'cushion for the expansion ofsice'fto-absorb vt .e pressure from .both walls'ca'n be'us'edA in alltypes of containers and -canbe ina-de'from'differentmaterialsrsuch as cork, rubber, cellophane, plastic, or a 'soft g'lassvor a vlike composition(paper #that wouldv be pliable in 'order to :cushion the vpressure of the ice formation within theglass. 'This :cushioning material Ialso can be made.in a;fluid .'or paste'form and' sprayedon'thevinsideof the-.outer wall .to any desired 'thicknessor an expansion absorber but also `providing an insulating substance-for the outer Wall. It .couldvbe'rnadeinfa one-piece cylinder withan attached bottom yand could be solider tubulaiyor it could bemadein two sectionsa .tubular A(seal-ed) cylinder-and a separatevtubular bottom alsosealed. ,-I-tcanlralso be madeinto-acylinder made from spiraltubing or lsolid material, `the bottom Kpiecemade intoa small solid, compressiblefdisc such as 'cork,:rub ber, etc.

These cushions could betted'on theiinsideof the outer wall and on the "botto-mieiIthelglassor they 1 could be nttedlin the center 'Lof i theirfluidto take the/pressure there in the" `processi of "freezing -Thefair spacel'for.expansionlzlnearthe liptfthe 'glass c'ould f be .lled 'wi'th ebsorbingz imaterifal,

thereby causing no movement of the fluid to one side when the glass is placed on its side. This could be in the shape of a solid ring above the liquid.

With receptacles of paper, metal or plastic, etc., the ice expansion -absorber will not necessarily have to be used as the materials in these have enough flexibility to compensate for the expansion but they could be used in order to insulate the outside wall. Both the inner lWall and the outer Wall can be beaded or pleated horizontally or vertically for expansion purposes.

With glass containers it is important to maintain in the freezing liquid the tendency to melt and slip under pressure. The rate of freezing being slow-a matter of many minutes-the water is at the critical point of solidiflcation for an appreciable interval. If at this time its expansion develops pressure, -a relatively small pressure rise will arrest the solidication and develop a liquid or semi liquid lm along which the expansion will progress in a direction of lesser pressure. In this way the solidication creeps vtoward theV surf-ace of the liquid m-ass unless obstructed.

In the examples given the freezing liquid is in contact with the air o1' other cushion and this combined with the slow freezing permits the expansion to fit itself within the glass jacket by the development of only moderate pressures and without fracture of the jacket walls.

To attain the desired slow .freezing the chilling temperature in still :air is maintained only moderately below 32 F. and preferably not much less than F. since low temperatures continue to expand the frozen mass and subject the glass jacket walls to increasing stresses.

With other less fragile and more resilient materials and where the material of the outer wall is of lower coefcient of exp-ansion lower lfreezing temperatures may be employed with lessening of the time required to complete the solidication. This is also true of such of the glass containers as present widely diverging compartment walls.

In fabricating the containers the inner and outer vessels may first be cast or molded and then assembled and fused together leaving an opening for the subsequent supply of the jacket liquid or such opening may be later provided and in either case nally closed as by fusing.

The system of this invention provides a lasting chill for liquids and other foodstuffs or any material to be kept cool for serving or consumption. Depending on the room temperatures involved and the physical characteristics of the container and refrigerant, the contents will be maintained at desired level over periods up to and even exceeding one-half hour.

The temperature of the chilled contents may be controlled to determine it within any desired range most suited to the particular material. For instance, beer in general will be most tasty at about 40 to 45 F., the aroma being more noticeable at 45 F. and above. Consequently, with the Beer glass of Fig. 9 the volume of the jacket should be suiiicent to give an initial ternperature of about 40 F. with some slight melting of the jacket ice asY the drink is poured. Thereafter, the effect will be to maintain the temperature in the lower ranges for a considerable period until as the ice is melted the temperature will gradually rise.

The contents of the container do not come into contact with the ice and are not diluted or otherwise changed in composition. The used glass is washed and; returned to the freezing compartment and left usually to chill to complete solidiflcation of the jacket liquid. It is then available for reuse, the drink being poured into it shortly after it is takenV from the freezer though it may be left to partially melt the ice where experience has shown that the complete ice content results in undesirably low temperature for the liquid being served.

In the construction of the receptacle, for instance of Figs. 4, '7, 8, 11 and 12, the outer end inner portions may first be made and then joined. In Fig. 13 the inner glass |30 has a bead |3| and is set within the outer glass |32 containing liquid |33 reaching the level |34 in assembled position with the lip |35 of the outer glass in engagement with the bead |3|. the lower portions of the glasses completing the jacket between them as shown in Fig. 4, for example. The line of contact |3|. |35 is then Welded by heating preferably by a flame with relative movement around the receptacle to produce an airtight seal fastening the inner and outer glasses together.

In Fig. 14 a receptacle of the type shown in Figs. 4, '7, 8 and 1l is formed with the inner and outer glasses |40, |4| molded or cast together but with the bottom of the outer glass open, as shown, to be closed by a separate bottom piece |42 after the jacket has been partially filled with the liquid |43 to be frozen. As illustrated in Figs. 15 and 16 the meeting edges |44, |45 of the bottom and glass may be formed to provide a groove |46 which is welded closed by a melting flame (Fig. 16).

A receptacle of the type shown in Figs. 1 and 9 may be provided by forming the outer and inner portions |48, |49 together (Fig. 17) with the upper edges spaced apart by the open annulus |50. Then after filling with the desired amount of liquid the inner edge |5| is expanded into contact with the outer edge |52 by heating and welding to join these edges together (Fig. 18). Similarly with receptacles of this type the upper or lip portions may be initially cast or molded together leaving the bottom edges free and open to be then closed with the receptacle in inverted position after the liquid has been filled in to the desired amount.

In forming a receptacle of the type shown in Fig. 10 the outer and inner portions |55, |56 may be cast or molded together (Fig. 19) but with the bottom of the inner portion open as shown. The inner compartment may then be partially lled with liquid and the bottom completed by Welding in place the circular piece |51 (Fig. 20).

We claim:

A drinking glass consisting of an outer portion generally cylindrical around a vertical axis and extending upward from a bottom part integral with said outer portion, and an inner structure having an inverted central cup-shaped portion symmetrical around said vertical axis and opening downward to provide a central chamber closed at the top and having its lower open edge spaced from said bottom part of said glass and supported at said edge by a surrounding wall extending upward at an angle to said outer portion and merging therewith at a `point below the uppermost edge thereof to provide an annular chamber closed at the top and surrounding said central chamber and opening downward above thesaid bottom part and at the level of said lower edge so that there is a bottom space connecting said centrali 'and annular. chambers, .and

9 a freezable liquid in said chambers and bottom space.

THOMAS P. LANDERS.

CHARLES F. SMITH.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,004,259 Higbee Sept. 26, 1911 1,056,971 Coleman Mar. 25. 1913 1,771,186 Mock July 22, 1930 Number Number Name Date Maliinckrodt, Jr. et al. June 5, 1934 Munters et a1. May 5, 1936 Kushima. Jan. 16, 1940 U'line Apr. 15, 1941 Stemme June 30, 1942 Herzog Sept. 14, 1948 FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain A. D. 1867 Switzerland 1895 France 1913 

